Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What is the possible consequence of an untreated ulcer in the GI tract?

1. Vomiting

2. Infection

3. Bleeding and perforation

4. Constipation

The correct answer is: Bleeding and perforation

An untreated ulcer in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can lead to significant complications, with bleeding and perforation being among the most severe. An ulcer, particularly a peptic ulcer, can erode through the lining of the stomach or intestines. When the ulcer reaches deeper layers, it can cause bleeding, which may manifest as hematemesis (vomiting blood) or melena (black, tarry stools). The loss of blood can lead to anemia and other health complications if not addressed. Additionally, if an ulcer perforates, it creates an opening that allows intestinal contents to spill into the abdominal cavity, leading to peritonitis, a severe and potentially life-threatening infection of the abdominal lining. While vomiting and infection can occur as a result of the ulcer, they are typically not the primary concerns or direct consequences of an untreated ulcer compared to the dangers posed by bleeding and perforation. Constipation is generally unrelated to the presence of an ulcer. Therefore, the potential for severe outcomes such as bleeding and perforation underscores the critical nature of diagnosing and treating ulcers early to prevent these serious complications.