Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What leads to congestive heart failure (CHF)?

1. Excessive exercise

2. Buildup of fluid due to pump failure

3. High fiber diet

4. Increased blood flow volume

The correct answer is: Buildup of fluid due to pump failure

Congestive heart failure (CHF) occurs when the heart is unable to pump effectively, leading to inadequate blood flow to meet the body's needs. This impaired pumping action causes a buildup of fluid in various parts of the body, including the lungs, abdomen, and legs. This accumulation results from the heart's failure to adequately circulate blood, which can cause venous pressure to increase and subsequently lead to fluid leakage into surrounding tissues. In cases of CHF, the heart muscle may become weakened, stiff, or both. Conditions such as coronary artery disease, hypertension, and prior heart attacks can contribute to this weakness or stiffness, ultimately leading to the failure of the heart as a pump. The buildup of fluid is a direct consequence of this pump failure, which is central to the pathology of CHF. While excessive exercise typically does not cause CHF, it can exacerbate symptoms in individuals already diagnosed with heart problems. A high-fiber diet generally supports heart health. The concept of increased blood flow volume is more related to conditions that can precede heart failure but does not directly cause CHF alone. Understanding these distinctions aids in recognizing the mechanisms leading to congestive heart failure and the significance of fluid buildup in the condition.