Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

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What physiological effect is caused by Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

Increased blood sugar
Frequent urination
Dehydration
Rapid weight loss

The correct answer is: Frequent urination

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that occurs mainly in individuals with type 1 diabetes, where the body starts breaking down fats at an uncontrollable rate, producing ketones and causing acid buildup in the bloodstream. One of the key physiological effects of DKA is the significant increase in blood sugar levels. This occurs due to a lack of insulin, which is necessary for glucose to enter cells and be utilized for energy. Frequent urination, also known as polyuria, occurs in DKA due to the body's attempt to excrete excess glucose through urine. When blood glucose levels rise significantly, the kidneys work to filter out the excess glucose, leading to increased urine production. This increase in urine output can contribute to dehydration, a common complication of DKA. As a result of frequent urination, the body loses not only water but also electrolytes, which can further exacerbate the condition. Therefore, while frequent urination is a physiological effect of DKA, it is a direct response to the elevated blood sugar levels that define the condition. In summary, frequent urination is indicative of the body's efforts to eliminate excess glucose and is a vital symptom that can help healthcare professionals identify and manage DKA effectively.