Emergency Medical Technician (EMT) Basic Certification Practice Exam

What vital sign must be monitored closely in a patient experiencing preeclampsia?

1. Heart rate

2. Respiratory rate

3. Blood pressure

4. Pulse oximetry

The correct answer is: Blood pressure

In a patient experiencing preeclampsia, closely monitoring blood pressure is critical due to the nature of the condition. Preeclampsia is characterized by high blood pressure and often accompanies issues such as proteinuria and potential damage to various organ systems. Elevated blood pressure in a pregnant patient can lead to severe complications, including progression to eclampsia, which can be life-threatening for both the mother and the fetus. Consistent monitoring of blood pressure allows healthcare providers to assess the severity of the condition, guide treatment decisions, and identify any worsening of the patient's status. If blood pressure remains elevated, prompt interventions can be initiated to mitigate risks, such as medication to lower blood pressure or timely delivery of the infant, depending on gestational age and maternal-fetal conditions. In contrast, while heart rate and respiratory rate might provide supportive information about the patient's overall status or detect complications, they are not the primary concerns in preeclampsia when compared to the critical nature of blood pressure management. Pulse oximetry focuses on oxygen saturation levels, which, while important, is secondary compared to the direct implications of blood pressure readings in the context of preeclampsia.